Driving investments in ore beneficiation and scrap upgrading to meet an increased demand from the direct reduction-EAF route

Abstract The pressure on the steel industry to reduce its carbon footprint has led discussions replace coke as main reductant for iron ore and turn natural gas, bio-syngas or hydrogen. Such a major transition from blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace route, direct reduction-electric arc production would drastically increase demand both suitable pellets high-quality scrap. value an EAF plant SiO 2 content in DRI by percentage points dirt of scrap 0.3 Si was estimated using optimization calculation tool RAWMATMIX®. Three types were studied: (i) integrated internal scrap, (ii) equal amounts (iii) smaller fraction relation amount. Also, slag volume each type studied. Finally, cost upgrading based mainly heuristic values. A conservative estimation benefit decreasing silica 4 2% is 20 USD/t 15 DR figure 9 An estimate costs necessary beneficiation 2.5 pellet concentrate upgrade, it 1-2